Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections that are spread through sexual contact. They can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Common symptoms of a bacterial STD include sores or bumps on the genitals or in the oral or rectal area, pain and tenderness in the genital area, and flu-like signs and symptoms such as headache, muscle aches, and fever. Other symptoms may include swollen groin lymph nodes, dangerous inflammation of the liver, and a microscopic single-celled parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis.
Some people may also have latent syphilis, in which blood tests are positive for the bacteria but there are no symptoms. If you think you may have a bacterial STD, it is important to see your doctor right away. Your doctor will ask you about your symptoms and your sexual history so they can provide you with the best treatment options. They may also recommend that you get tested for HIV if you have any symptoms of an STD, even if you're not at high risk of contracting HIV.
The most common bacterial STDs are gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis. Gonorrhea and chlamydia can be difficult to detect because early-stage infections usually cause few or no signs and symptoms. However, if left untreated, these STDs can cause serious health problems such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), infertility, and even death. Syphilis during pregnancy can cause congenital syphilis if left untreated.
It is also possible for a person to have an STD without symptoms and then transmit it to others without knowing it. This is why it is important to practice safe sex and get tested regularly for STDs if you are sexually active. Being open about your sexual symptoms and history is important to your health and well-being and that of your partners. The most persistent or severe symptoms of HIV infection may not appear for 10 years or more after the initial infection. If you think you may have a bacterial STD, it is important to see your doctor right away for diagnosis and treatment.
Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent serious health complications down the road.
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